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Part BCSIR NET June 2023extension-to-closed-interval

Extension to closed interval

Which one of the following functions is uniformly continuous on the interval (0, 1)?

  1. A.f(x) = sin(1/x)
  2. B.f(x) = e−1/x2e^{-1/x^{2}}✓ Correct
  3. C.f(x) = eˣ cos(1/x)
  4. D.f(x)=cos⁡x⋅cos⁡(π/x)f(x) = \cos x \cdot \cos(\pi/x)

The idea, in plain words

On an open interval, uniform continuity is exactly the ability to fill in the missing endpoints continuously. So look only at the two ends: the function that quietly approaches a finite value at both ends is the one, and the rest blow up or oscillate.

Solution

A continuous function on (0,1) is uniformly continuous iff it extends continuously to [0,1]. e−1/x2e^{-1/x^{2}} → 0 as x → 0⁺

so it extends; the other three oscillate without a limit at 0.

Why each option is right or wrong

Checked against 2 symbolic computations
  • False. sin(1/x) has no limit as x → 0⁺ — SymPy samples it on (0.001, 0.05] and finds values ranging down to −0.99998 and up near +1

    oscillating without settling.

    A continuous function on a bounded interval is uniformly continuous exactly when it extends continuously to the closure, and this one cannot.

  • B.Correct

    True.

    SymPy confirms e−1/x2e^{-1/x^{2}} → 0 as x → 0⁺, and the function is already continuous at x = 1

    so it extends continuously to [0,1].

    A continuous function on a compact interval is uniformly continuous by Heine–Cantor, and restricting back to (0,1) preserves that.

    The trigger: on a bounded open interval, uniform continuity is exactly continuous extendability to the endpoints — check the one-sided limits and nothing else.

  • False.

    The factor eˣ tends to 1 at x = 0 and is harmless

    but cos(1/x) oscillates exactly as sin(1/x) does.

    Multiplying an oscillating factor by a well-behaved one leaves the oscillation intact.

  • False, for the same reason. cos x → 1 as x → 0

    while cos⁡(π/x)\cos(\pi/x) oscillates without limit — the π\pi in the numerator changes the frequency but not the behaviour.

    Three of the four options oscillate at 0; the exponential in (B) is the only one that damps.

3 of these 3 wrong options correspond to a named reasoning error — the same errors recur across subjects.

The trap it tests

Pointwise vs uniform

The mode of convergence — or of continuity — was the wrong one.

Drill statements like this

Related counterexample: Continuous on a bounded interval ⇒ bounded

More on this topic

The chapter behind this: Continuity vs uniform continuity vs Lipschitz — free to read

From Continuity and Differentiation › Continuity, uniform continuity, Lipschitz

Last revised . Found a mistake? Tell us — corrections are the fastest thing we act on.

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